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Dyspnean.呼吸困难[d?sp?ni:?]
Cardinaladj.主要的[?kɑ:rd?nl]
Heartfailure心衰
Cardiacoutput心输出量
Worseningdyspneaisacardinalsymptomofheartfailureandtypicallyisrelatedtoincreasesincardiacfillingpressuresbutalsomayrepresentrestrictedcardiacoutput.Theabsenceofworseningdyspnea,however,doesnotnecessarilyexcludethediagnosisofheartfailure,becausepatientsmayac